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12: Proposed Data Analysis

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Hello again. We have now come to the last section in Chapter 3 which is on Proposed Data Analysis. Since my study is a quantitative approach study, there are some statistical analysis that I believe are deemed appropriate to answer each of my research questions. The proposed data analysis is as follows: Research Objectives Research Questions Data Analysis To identify which perceptual learning styles are preferred by successful and less successful TESL undergraduate students in learning literature. Which perceptual learning styles are preferred by successful and less successful TESL undergraduate students in learning literature?   Descriptive Statistics:       Frequency, Percentage, Mean, Standard Deviation To find out the learning strategies most frequently used by successful and less successful TESL undergraduate students in learning literature. What are the learni

11: Validity and Reliability & Ethical Considerations

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Hi and assalamualaikum, The semester is getting nearer to the end now and for this week’s task, I am going to update about validity and reliability of the research instrument and also some ethical considerations regarding data collection procedure. These two elements are very important for a research and should be taken seriously. Validity and Reliability Validity is the degree to which any measuring instrument measures what it is intended to measure (Thatcher, 2010) while reliability refers to the “consistency of the measure” (Heale & Twycross, 2015). Reliability signifies the consistency, stability and repeatability of results. Therefore, the finding is regarded as reliable if consistent results have been acquired in similar situations but different circumstances (Twycross and Shields, 2004). As cited in Mohajan (2017), both of these concepts of validity and reliability are important to improve the accuracy of the assessment and evaluation of a research study (Tavakol &am